{"id":85,"date":"2015-04-15T16:54:35","date_gmt":"2015-04-15T14:54:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/?p=85"},"modified":"2015-10-19T16:48:47","modified_gmt":"2015-10-19T14:48:47","slug":"schabanel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/schabanel\/","title":{"rendered":"Des mol\u00e9cules qui calculent"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">par <a href=\"http:\/\/www.liafa.univ-paris-diderot.fr\/~nschaban\">Nicolas Schabanel<\/a>, DR CNRS, LIAFA U. Paris Diderot &#8211; IXXI, ENS de Lyon<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ce cours sera une introduction \u00e0 de nouveaux mod\u00e8les de calcul qui sont effectivement impl\u00e9ment\u00e9s en laboratoire dans des bechers par&#8230; des mol\u00e9cules. Ces calculs sont obtenus par exemple laissant des mol\u00e9cules \u00e0 base d&rsquo;ADN se replier sous forme de tuiles de taille nanoscopique, puis s&rsquo;assembler par affinit\u00e9s pour r\u00e9aliser des formes g\u00e9om\u00e9triques arbitraires de quelques centaines de nanom\u00e8tres de diam\u00e8tre. Le premier mod\u00e8le effectif remonte \u00e0 la th\u00e8se d&rsquo;Erik Winfree en 1998 qui proposa le mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;auto-assemblage algorithme dont il d\u00e9montra qu&rsquo;il peut impl\u00e9menter n&rsquo;importe quel calcul Turing. Les premi\u00e8res \u00e9tapes de son mod\u00e8le furent ensuite r\u00e9alis\u00e9es en becher \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de mol\u00e9cules d&rsquo;ADN par Paul Rothemund qui obtint en 2001 une impl\u00e9mentation des triangles de Sierpinski. Depuis, diff\u00e9rentes variantes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 propos\u00e9es aussi bien du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des mod\u00e8les th\u00e9oriques, que des impl\u00e9mentations exp\u00e9rimentales. Ceux-ci ont permis la r\u00e9alisation de smileys, cartes, alphabets, un compteur binaire (Evans, 2014)&#8230; nanoscopiques ainsi que tout r\u00e9cemment les pr\u00e9mices d&rsquo;une robotique nanoscopique \u00e0 base d&rsquo;ADN, donc potentiellement compatible avec la vie. Ces mod\u00e8les reposent sur un m\u00e9lange, entre autres, de g\u00e9om\u00e9trie discr\u00e8te, de calculabilit\u00e9, d&rsquo;automates cellulaires et d&rsquo;algorithmique classique et randomis\u00e9e. Dans ce cours, nous pr\u00e9senterons une introduction \u00e0 ce nouveau type de calcul qui sera&#8230; qui sait&#8230; peut-\u00eatre le futur post-silicone de nos ordinateurs !<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/evans.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-88 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/evans.png\" alt=\"evans\" width=\"989\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/evans.png 989w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/evans-300x100.png 300w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/evans-250x83.png 250w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/evans-150x50.png 150w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/evans-900x301.png 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 989px) 100vw, 989px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/han.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/han.png\" alt=\"han\" width=\"500\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/han.png 500w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/han-300x288.png 300w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/han-156x150.png 156w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/han-150x144.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/rothemund.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-90 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/rothemund.png\" alt=\"rothemund\" width=\"718\" height=\"501\" srcset=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/rothemund.png 718w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/rothemund-300x209.png 300w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/rothemund-214x150.png 214w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/rothemund-150x104.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 718px) 100vw, 718px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/wei.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/wei.png\" alt=\"wei\" width=\"900\" height=\"489\" srcset=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/wei.png 900w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/wei-300x163.png 300w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/wei-250x135.png 250w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/files\/2015\/04\/wei-150x81.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">par <a href=\"http:\/\/www.liafa.univ-paris-diderot.fr\/~nschaban\">Nicolas Schabanel<\/a>, DR CNRS, LIAFA U. Paris Diderot &#8211; IXXI, ENS de Lyon<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ce cours sera une introduction \u00e0 de nouveaux mod\u00e8les de calcul qui sont effectivement impl\u00e9ment\u00e9s en laboratoire dans des bechers par&#8230; des mol\u00e9cules. Ces calculs sont obtenus par exemple laissant des  \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/schabanel\/\">Lire la suite<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-85","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-course"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/45"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=85"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":324,"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85\/revisions\/324"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=85"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=85"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/jga2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=85"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}