{"id":396,"date":"2019-09-18T18:24:15","date_gmt":"2019-09-18T16:24:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/?page_id=396"},"modified":"2019-09-24T10:47:48","modified_gmt":"2019-09-24T08:47:48","slug":"vocabulary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/presentation\/vocabulary\/","title":{"rendered":"Vocabulary"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Different scientific communities are involved in this project (antenna community, signal processing community, propagation community, digital communications community). They often use the same words with slightly different definitions. This part aims at clarifying the definition we mainly use in this document and for our technical discussions.<\/p>\n<h5><strong><a name=\"_Toc310072542\"><\/a>1. Basic vocabulary<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>On Figure 1 a), one elementary \u201cantenna or radiating element\u201d is presented.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_397\" style=\"width: 446px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/V_1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-397\" class=\"wp-image-397 \" src=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/V_1-300x133.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"436\" height=\"193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/V_1-300x133.png 300w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/V_1-768x340.png 768w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/V_1-150x66.png 150w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/V_1.png 864w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-397\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1: a) radiating or antenna element b) MISO system c) SIMO system<\/p><\/div>\n<p>A MISO system with Nt transmit radiating elements and one receive radiating element and a SIMO system with 1 transmit radiating element and Nr receive radiating elements are presented on Figure 1 b) and c) respectively.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>For sounding channel<\/strong>, a SIMO system will be developed with a mechanical scanning in the azimuth plane and a digital scanning in the elevation plane.<\/p>\n<p><strong>For transmission<\/strong> studies and demonstration, SDMA will be implemented with a Massive MISO system at the infrastructure side (large Nt) and one radiating element at the user side<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><strong><a name=\"_Toc310072543\"><\/a>2. Analogue beamforming and phase array<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Figure 2 schematizes an <strong>analogue beamforming<\/strong> at Tx side with N radiating elements at the transmission side.<\/p>\n<p>The main characteristics at the transmitter side for analogue beamforming are the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N radiating elements\n<p><div id=\"attachment_398\" style=\"width: 338px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-398\" class=\"wp-image-398 \" src=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_2-300x149.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"328\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_2-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_2-150x75.png 150w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_2.png 601w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 328px) 100vw, 328px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-398\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 2: analogue beamforming at Tx side with N radiating elements<\/p><\/div><\/li>\n<li>One RF (including frequency transposition, IF)<\/li>\n<li><strong>One<\/strong> IQ link<\/li>\n<li>SDMA not possible: only one user per channel at the same time<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>An analogue beamformer made up with N radiating elements is defined as a <strong>phase array<\/strong>, and further denoted \u201cphase array (N)\u201d, see Figure 3.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_405\" style=\"width: 341px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_4.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-405\" class=\"wp-image-405 \" src=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_4-300x118.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"331\" height=\"130\" srcset=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_4-300x118.png 300w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_4-768x303.png 768w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_4-150x59.png 150w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_4.png 811w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-405\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 3: phase array (analogue beamforming with N radiating elements)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><strong><a name=\"_Toc310072543\"><\/a>3. Digital beamforming<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Figure\u00a0 represents an eNodeB equipped with <em>Q<\/em> IQ links.<\/p>\n<p>Characteristics for <strong>digital beamforming<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_406\" style=\"width: 435px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_5.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-406\" class=\"wp-image-406 \" src=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_5-300x101.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"425\" height=\"143\" srcset=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_5-300x101.png 300w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_5-150x50.png 150w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_5.png 695w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-406\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 4: digital beamforming sor SDMA<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Q<\/em> radiating elements<\/li>\n<li><em>Q \u201c <\/em>IQ links\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Possible SDMA\u00a0serving <em>N<sub>u<\/sub><\/em>&lt;<em>Q<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><strong>4. Hybrid analogue and beamforming<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Figure\u00a0\u00a0 represents a hybrid scheme with for example <em>Q<\/em> IQ links and <em>Q<\/em> phase arrays made up with N radiating elements.<\/p>\n<p>Characteristics of an hybrid beamforming:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div id=\"attachment_407\" style=\"width: 375px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_6.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-407\" class=\"wp-image-407 \" src=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_6-300x120.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"365\" height=\"146\" srcset=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_6-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_6-768x308.png 768w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_6-150x60.png 150w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/files\/2019\/09\/v_6.png 779w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 365px) 100vw, 365px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-407\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 5: hybrid analogue \/ digital beamforming<\/p><\/div>\n<p><em>N<sub>t<\/sub>=Q<\/em>*N radiating elements<\/li>\n<li><em>Q \u201c <\/em>IQ links\u201d,<\/li>\n<li>Possible SDMA\u00a0 serving <em>N<sub>u<\/sub><\/em>&lt;<em>Q<\/em> users,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The configuration (links between RF stages and analogue beamformers, number of radiating elements per phase array, etc.) can be adaptive and reconfigurable depending on the criterion defined to serve the different users. This optimisation is part of studies to be carried out during the project<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Different scientific communities are involved in this project (antenna community, signal processing community, propagation community, digital communications community). They often use the same words with\u2026<\/p>\n<p> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/presentation\/vocabulary\/\"><span>Continue reading<\/span><i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1653,"featured_media":0,"parent":64,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"class_list":["post-396","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/396","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1653"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=396"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/396\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":504,"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/396\/revisions\/504"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/64"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/m5hstia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}