{"id":110,"date":"2020-02-05T14:43:23","date_gmt":"2020-02-05T13:43:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/nitro\/?page_id=110"},"modified":"2020-02-14T15:47:51","modified_gmt":"2020-02-14T14:47:51","slug":"bci","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/nitro\/bci\/","title":{"rendered":"Brain Computer Interface (BCI)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h1>Definition<\/h1>\n<p>A system linking the brain and a computer; this device allows &#8220;thought control&#8221; of a computer, prosthesis, or any other automated system, without using the arms, hands or legs.<\/p>\n<h1>Objective<\/h1>\n<p>Enable people with major disabilities to regain a certain degree of autonomy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A few examples:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Individuals with quadriplegia or locked-in syndrome (patient who has all his mental faculties but can only move his eyelids) could for example control an exoskeleton to move around,<\/li>\n<li>Amputees could control the movements of their prosthesis,<\/li>\n<li>People who are speechless could speak through a computer&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>Etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>There are many potential applications<\/strong>, including for healthy people with for example the field of video games.<\/p>\n<h1>How does it work?<\/h1>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/nitro\/files\/2020\/02\/Cybathlon-Inria-Nitro-fev-2020-en.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-162 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/nitro\/files\/2020\/02\/Cybathlon-Inria-Nitro-fev-2020-en-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/nitro\/files\/2020\/02\/Cybathlon-Inria-Nitro-fev-2020-en-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/nitro\/files\/2020\/02\/Cybathlon-Inria-Nitro-fev-2020-en-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/nitro\/files\/2020\/02\/Cybathlon-Inria-Nitro-fev-2020-en-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/nitro\/files\/2020\/02\/Cybathlon-Inria-Nitro-fev-2020-en-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/nitro\/files\/2020\/02\/Cybathlon-Inria-Nitro-fev-2020-en.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>An MCI or BCI includes a system<\/strong> for acquiring (=recording) and processing brain signals and a system for classifying and then translating these signals into commands (writing on a screen, movement of a prosthesis, in our case controlling a vehicle in a video game,&#8230;).<\/li>\n<li><strong>1st step<\/strong>: recording of brain activity via electrodes placed on the skull, on the surface of the brain or inside. In our case, we will use a cloth helmet equipped with several electrodes (electroencephalogram or EEG).<\/li>\n<li><strong>The electrodes<\/strong> are connected to external software that classifies, analyzes and interprets the brain signals and then restores them in the form of commands that are executed by the controlled machine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>How is it used?<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The user focuses<\/strong> on an external stimulation, or imagines performing a movement or executes a mental task (mental arithmetic for example).<\/li>\n<li><strong>These tasks generate<\/strong> characteristic and measurable brain activity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>These signals will be transmitted<\/strong> to a computer which will extract the useful data, then transforms them into commands for the machine (prosthesis, exoskeleton, video game,&#8230;).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Most often, MCIs operate in closed loops<\/strong>, i.e. the user observes the result of his command, then adapts his thinking, gradually refining the precision of the command produced by the system. <strong>This allows the user to progress in the mastery of the ICM<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Definition A system linking the brain and a computer; this device allows &#8220;thought control&#8221; of a computer, prosthesis, or any other automated system, without using\u2026<\/p>\n<p> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/nitro\/bci\/\"><span>Continue reading<\/span><i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-110","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/nitro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/nitro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/nitro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/nitro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/48"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/nitro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=110"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/nitro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/110\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":164,"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/nitro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/110\/revisions\/164"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/project.inria.fr\/nitro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}